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| J.A.L. Waddell — INDEX — Bridge Engineering |
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RRacks, 337 swing spans, 1715, 1716 pinions, 1724 Radial truss, 468 Radii of gyration, 504 Rail beds, 334 Railings, gas-pipe, 383 steel, 1786 Rails, anti-creeping devices for, 357 bonding of, 356, 1842 breaking of at ends of movable bridges, 356 connections of, 1805 electric-steel, 77 expansion joints, 356 details on Beaver Bridge, 357 gap bars for, 356 grooves, drainage of, 373 inspection of, 1440-1442, 1447 insulation of, 356 laying of, 1842 lengths of, 356 lifts for swing spans, 696 locks, 1723 running-plates for, 353 splices, 356 superelevation, 355 supports in timber floors, 369 switch points for creeping of, 357 timber floors, 369-370 weights of, 95 Railway bridges, arch ribs, 642 deck, 1842 Designing, Some Disputed Points in, 120, 161, 282 floors, 1633. See also Floors. lateral bracing for, 397 deck trusses, 403 live loads, 1646 loads, 1645-1654 main members of trusses, 1641 number of trusses, 483-484 plate-girder spans, 460-467, 1668, 1671 moments, shears, and reactions, 412, 415 pin-connected, 1681 riveted-truss spans, 1675 styles of, 1640 trestles, 1643 details for, 1683, 1684 wooden, origin of, 27 trusses, forms of, 1640 wind loads for, 1651 Railway gauge, 355 Railway profiles, estimates based on, 1361 Railways, elevated, 548-567, 1685 Rainfall and run-offs for portions of the United States, 1115, 1116 Rall type of bascule, 702-704, 714 vertical lift bridge, 743 Ram for boring outfit, 1101 Rankine, 15 Ransome, 28 Rapid transit on elevated railroads, 548 Rate of progress, 1876 Rates, cutting of, 1605 Rates of wages, 1756 Rattler test for brick, 1826-1831 Reactions for balanced loads on rim-bearing swing spans, 690 Reactions for centre-bearing swing spans, 691 Reactions for plate-girder spans, 412, 414, 416 assembled trusses, 1434 connections, 1783 necessity for, 46 Reciprocal deflection, Maxwell's law of, 237, 246 Reconstruction of existing bridges, 1522 planning of, 1528 substructure, 1529 Records, blue-prints, 1403, 1404 drawings, 1396, 1408 field, 1475-1486 daily, 1476 final quantities, 1485 materials, 1477 pier sinking, 1479 pile driving, 1479 shop drawings, 1401 Rectangular beams and columns under flexure and direct stress 792, 793, 820-833 Rectangular beams, reinforced concrete, 795-799 moments of inertia of, 840 reinforced for compression, 799 varying depth, 815 Rectangular footings, stresses in, 860 Rectangular slabs reinforced in two directions, stresses in, 851 Rectangular troughs, 349 Red Rock Cantilever Bridge, 598 piers, 1022 Reduction of live load, 344 Reduction of secondary stresses, 201 Redundant bending strength, 213 Redundant members and reactions 213, 271 Reeves, David, 24 Refinement, degree of, 1377 Refuge bays, 361 Regularity in attendance, 1608 Reichmann, Albert F., 327, 330 Reinforced concrete and reinforced-concrete bridges, 783 aesthetics in, 943 American practice, evolution of, 28 arches, abutment, quantity data, 1337-1437 abutment piers, 942 approximate methods of calculation, piers and abutments, 911-915 ribs, 868-880 arch shortening, 864, 871, 881, 882, 956 banding of ribs, 944 calculation of stresses, abutments and piers, 911-918 ribs, 862-910 centre line, determination of, 863 contraflexure, point of, for arch shortening and temperature stresses, 870, 881 cross struts for ribs, 944 defects in, 1164 deflection of, 842 designing, 940-944. See also Calculation. elliptical ribs for, 872 equation for thickness of rib, 867 exact methods of calculation, abutments and piers, 915-918 ribs, 880-910 fixed ended ribs, stresses in, 862-910 floor system for, 943 hinging of, 941 open-spandrel arches, 940 piers, design, 941-944 quantity data, 1337-1347 steel in, 1344 stresses, 911-918 point of contraflexure for arch shortening and temperature stresses, 870, 881 quantities in, 1330-1334 reinforcement of, 943 solid-barrel construction, 943 solid-spandrel, 940 substructure for, 941 temperature effects in, 864, 871, 882 bars, See Reinforcing bars. beams and slabs, deflection of, 842 diagrams for designing. See Diagrams for Designing. intensities for, 1657 varying depth, 836 testing of, 836 bents for steel trestles, economics of, 1205 bond, 833 caissons, 986 camber, 753 cantilever beams and cross-girders, 922-924 centrifugal loads, 956 classification of, 953 cofferdams, 977 column footings, calculation of stresses in, 857-861 designing of, 938 quantities of materials in, 1325, 1328 columns, designing of, 936-938 quantities of materials in, 1325-1327 stresses from continuity, 850, 851 unsupported lengths of, 960 concentrated loads, distribution over slabs, 852-857 construction joints, 950 construction work, 946-953 continuous beams, moment coefficients for, 845 stresses in, 842-851 cost of materials for, 1359, 1360 cribs, 974 critical section for pure shear and diagonal tension in beams of, 836 designing. See Diagrams for Designing and Quantities. arch spans and piers, 940-944 cantilever beams and cross-girders, 922 column footings, 938 columns, 936-938 fundamental assumptions, 959 main girders, 924 slabs, 918-922 specifications for, 953-963 wall footings, 939 diagonal tension, 833-836 critical sections, 836-839, 961, 962 distribution of concentrated loads over slabs, 852-857 drawings, 1382 economic comparison of arches and girders, 1205 economic comparison with steel bridges, 1205 economics of, 1189 edge distance of bars, minimum, 962 effective lengths, 960 effects of changes of temperature, 957 expansion plates, main girders, 937 slabs, 921 falsework, 946 field. work, 946-953 floor systems. See also Floors. economics of, 1205 quantities, 1321, 1322 footings, column, stresses in, 857-861 footings, wall, formulae and diagrams for designing beams and slabs, 791-836. See also Diagrams for Designing. fundamental assumptions in designing, 785 girder bridges, depths of girders and footings in, 1324 girders, main, designing of, 924-938 girders, quantities of materials in, 1323 handrails, 945 highway, 1536, 1537 history, 783 impact, 955 intensities of working stresses, 264, 957-959 loads, 954-957 minimum spacing of reinforcing bars, 962 minimum thicknesses, 962 moments of inertia of beams, columns,and arch ribs in, 839-842 monolithic structures, stresses in, 842 notation, 785 origin of, 28 piers of arch spans. See Arches. piles, 1191 principles for designing, 279, 280 quantities. See Quantities for Concrete Construction. rectangular beams, diagrams and formula for designing, 791-836. See also Diagrams for Designing. moments of inertia, 839-842 reinforcement, 950, 951. See also Reinforcing bars. retaining walls. See Retaining walls. shear and diagonal tension, 833-836 critical sections, 836-839, 961, 962 reinforcement, 833 slabs, 918-922 distribution of concentrated loads over, 852-857 reinforcement in two directions, 851, 852 specifications for design, 953-963 stresses in continuous girders, 850 monolithic structures, 842 surface finish, 953 moments of inertia, 841 temperature effects, 212 temperature stresses, 870-872 trestles, 536 economic span lengths, economics of, wall footings, web reinforcement, , 962 wind loads, 956 working stresses, 957-959 "Reinforced Concrete Construction," by Hool, 863 Reinforcing bars, 48, 1779 areas, 799 bends, 963 cost, 1359, 1360 preparing and placing, 1865 splices and development, 963 weights, 799 Rejection of bids, 1882 Rejection of project by bankers, 1597 Relation of the bridge engineer to his professional brethren, 1626 Reliability of boring evidence, 1099 Remodeling of substructure, 1749 Remodeling of superstructure, 1751 Remoteness from sharp bends, 1090 Removable cofferdams, 990 Removal, debris, 1769 forms from concrete, 952 old structure, 1749 Renewals, 1508 bridges, description of various, 1512, 1513 cost of, 1362 erection alongside of old bridge, 1510, 1511 gallows frames, 1512 maintaining traffic during, 1529 substructure, 1509, 1529 truss members, 1529 wooden bridges, 775 Repairing, asphalt pavement, 1817 bridges, 1519, 1522 economics of, 1525 Fort Leavenworth Bridge, 1531 Little Rock Junction Bridge, 1530 Reports, 1572 attributes of, 1573 bridge engineering, kinds of, 1572 contents of proper, 1573 design, 1574 engineer's work (another), 1627 examples of, 1574-1581 field, 1475, 1485-1488 borings, 1107 report sheet for, 1108 cement, 1487 daily, 1485 plant, 1488 special, 1488 weekly, 1486 integrity in, 1573 sequence in, 1573 structures, existing, 1573, 1574 structures, projected, 1574 style of, 1572, 1573 valuation and earning capacity, 1574 Requirements for carbon steel, 1770 Requirements for nickel steel, 1771 Requirements of the United States Government for bridging navigable waters, 1137 Re-railing apparatus, 1637 Re-railing frogs, 364 Résal, Jean, 1071 Resident engineer, field equipment, 1488, 1489 field office, 1768 functions, 1466 necessity for, 1466 responsibility, 1489 Resistances, 1704 Responsibilities: accidents, 1765 assuming, 1616 bridge engineer, classification of, 1611 dodging, 1616 errors, 1612, 1614 financial, 1612 legal, 1611, 1612 moral, 1612, 1613 resident engineer, 1489 Rest piers, 779 Retaining employees, 1609 Retaining walls, 535, 1031-1043 cantilever type, 1035-1037 counterforted type, 1037-1042 design of base, 1038-1040 loads on base slabs, 1039 piles for, 1042 quantities, 1300, 1317, 1318 reinforced-concrete, 1035-1042 reinforcing of counterforts, 1040-1042 wall footings, 861, 862, 939, 940 quantities, 1042 Retempering of mortar, 1044 Retreats, safety, 542 Return of papers, 1882 Returning of shop drawings, 1399 Revenue, estimating of, 1362, 1363 Reversal of stresses, 253 Reverse curves, 133, 1212 Reversing stresses, 1657 intensity for, 265 Revetment for shore, 1058 concrete, 1062 Revisions in calculations, 1390, 1391 Reynders, J. V. W., 69-71 Ribs, arch, determination of centre line, 863 quantities, 1330-1334 Rider, Nathaniel, 22 Right-angled crossings, 1090 Right-line formula, 15 Righting of caisson, 997 East Omaha Bridge piers, 1073 Rigidity, 749 importance of, 269 Rim-bearing swings, tracks, rack, rollers, and centre-casting for, 1713 Rio Grande Bridge, Costa Rica, 632 Rip-rap, objections to, 1212 Rip-rapping, 970 piers, 996 Risk, contractor's, 1766 River beds, scouring of, 1128 River conditions, 1754 Riveted bridges, old type, advantages, 748 disadvantages, 747 Riveted connections, laterals, 399 plate-girders, 445 Riveted-girder spans, 1674 Riveted tension members, net sections of, 295-298 Riveted truss bridges, 31 details of design, 1675 highway, 1680 limiting lengths, 749 Riveted versus pin-connected trusses, 31, 747 Rivets and riveting, 1665, 1666, 1781 arrangement of sections for, 493 bearing, 310 bearing values, tables of, 325 direct tension, 276 chrome-vanadium steel, 84 eccentric loads on groups of, 298-301 field, 276, 1782 grips, 333 heads in cover-plates, 428 high alloy steels, 84 holes, 1781 number to be deducted, 512 intensities, 264 laying out, 298 lining-up, 238 long, 31 loose, 1433 detection, 1517 moments on, 298 nickel steel, 61 pitches in plate-girder flanges, 432-441 curved flanges, 437 inclined flanges, 433-436 variation throughout girder, 438-441 vertical loads, 437-438 spacing, 332 splices, 511 shearing, 310 shearing values, table of, 325 special points about, 1423 testing, 1432 unnecessary, 503 Road roller, 108 weights, 118 Roadway lights, 1797 Roadways, drainage, 373, 1835, 1836 Robinson, A. F., 347, 349, 1067 Robinson, Professor S. W., 124 formula for the effect of vibration, 124 Rock dams, 973 Rock Island Bridge draw span, sprocket chain gearing for, 1067 Rocker bearings, sliding, 459 Rocker ends for plate-girder spans, 453 Rocker shoes, 545 Rods, adjustable, 388 Rods, reinforcing. See Reinforcing bars. Rolled carbon steel, 45 Rolled I-beam bridges, 408 designing, 460 details of design, 1667, 1668 economics, 410 Roller bearings for swings, 1717 Roller bearing type of bascule, 701 Roller nests for swing spans, 696 Rollers, 455-458, 1786 dust guards, 456 expansion, for truss spans, 1679 plate-girder spans, 455-458, 1671, 1673 round, 456 swing-spans, 1714, 1716 Rolling brick paving, 1832 Rolling lift type of bascule, 701 erection, 335 Roman, arch sewers, 10 cements, 55 masonry arches, 9 substructure, 12 Roof of working chamber, 1048 Rope. See also Tables for Designing, dressing, 1791 operating, 1725 supports, 1725 wire, 49. See also Tables for Designing. swing spans, 1718 Roper, Oscar, 717 Rosendale cement, 55 Rostoff (Russia), Lift Bridge, 740, 742 Rotating cantilever draws, 665, 666 Rotating draws, 1686, 1687 Rouen Bridge, 673 Round bars, weights and areas of, 799 Round-ended girders, 333 Round rollers, 456 Routing of freight, 1754 Royalties, 1755 Ruhrort (Germany) Bridge, 598 Running-plates for rails, 353 Run-off, author's recommendation concerning, 1136 average, for the United States, 1117 formulae, divergence of results of, 1110 methods of figuring, 1118, 1119 records, 1115 various portions of the United States, 1115, 1116 Runways, 1769, 1841 Rust joints, 688 Rusting, 1517 bridges, 1522 steel, 765 |