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| J.A.L. Waddell — INDEX — Bridge Engineering |
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DDaily labor, limits of, 1756 Daily records, 1476 Daily reports, 1485 Damages, 1766 liquidated, 1876 Dams, 974 freezing process, 974 Danger, facing by engineer, 1617, 1618 Danger from fire, 348 Danube River bridge designs, 1178 Danube River timber arch bridge, 10 Dapping guard timbers, 364 Data, collection of, 1082 full, 1629 necessity for obtaining, 271 required for designing bridges, trestles, and viaducts, 1081 Dating of contract, 1567, 1886 Day labor method, 1582, 1583 Dead loads, 94, 956, 1376, 1649 arches, 96 assumptions required in determining, 94, 95 checking of, 1377 distribution of, 94 extraneous, 94 unit weights of materials for, 95, 956 Debris, removal of, 1769 Decay of foundation piles, 970 Deck bridges, bottom lateral systems for, 404 effect of track curvature on, 144 sections, 493 sway bracing of, 1642, 1643 Decoration, 1162 by means of paint, 1177 Deep foundations, allowable pressures on, 965, 966 Defense of lawsuits, 1567 Defining contractors' duties, 1553 Definitions, "Engineer," 1886 navigable waters, 1137 terms, 1882 Deflecting sheaves, 1726 Deflections, 227-249 continuous beams, 230 defined, 228 floor-beams, bending stresses due to, 206 graphic method of figuring, 249 provision against excessive, 1674 reinforced-concrete beams and arches, 842 straight beam, 228 swing spans, 1692 trusses, 238 Deflectometer, 122 Deformation of chords, stresses due to, 208 Deformation test Hildreth's, 1438, 1439 Deformed bars, origin of, 28 weights of, 799 Degrees, utilization of, 1626 Delays, 1885 Delays in completion of contract, 1884 Demurrage and cartage, 1766 Deposit check and forfeiture thereof, 1881 Depreciation rate of, 1527 formulae for, 1527, 1528 Depths economic, for plate-girders, 419, 420 effective, 1640 foundations, 1857 plate-girder webs, determination of, 419-421 trusses, economic, 1184 excessive, 1176 viaduct girders, 329 Derrick car, 34 Derrick for borings, 1097 Description, general, 1743 Designing. See also Diagrams and Tables for designing. arch spans and piers, 940 anchor bolts, stresses in, 304-309 base of retaining walls, 1036, 1038 base plates, eccentric loads, 304-309 column footings, 936 eccentric loads, base plates and shoes, 304-309 pile groups, Eq. 24 and 26, 300 rivet groups, 298-301 stresses in anchor bolts, 304-309 general limits for, 1661, 1662 general principles in, 1662, 1665 I-beam bridges. See also Plate-girders. general, 460 railway, 460-463, 1667 plate-girder bridges, 460-467, 1668-1671 general, 460 highway, 467 railway deck, 464, 465, 1668-1671 railway through, 464-467, 1668-1671 plate-girders, 411-460, 1668-1671 cover-plate lengths 440-444 end bearings. See Shoes. end details, 444-447, 464, 467, 1670 flange proportioning, 421-432 cover-plates, 422-428 no cover-plates, 428-431 lengths of cover-plates, 440-444 moments, 411-419 reactions, 411-419 rivet pitches, 432-441 component parts of flanges, 437-438 curved flanges, 437 inclined flanges, 433-436 variation throughout flange, 438-441 vertical loads, 436 shears, 414-419 shoes, 452-460 masonry plates, 453 rocker and roller shoes, 455-458 size of base, 457 rocker sliding shoes, 454, 459 sliding bearings on steelwork, 458 sliding cast bases, 454 types of, 453 stiffeners, end, 444-447, 464, 467, 1670 stiffeners, intermediate, 421, 430, 1670 web, 419-421 web-splice, 447-452 detailed design, 450-452 types of, 447-449 reinforced-concrete bridges, specifications for, 959 reinforced-concrete columns, 936 riveted tension members, 296 slabs, 918 steel superstructures, specifications for, 1632 steel trestles, 251 timber beams, shear, 302 unit stresses. See Tables for designing. wall footings, 939 weight of steel superstructures. See Weights of steel superstructures. Designing Department, 1389 Designing for gun-fire contingency, 1077 Desmond, T. C., 1010 Detail drawings, 1759 preparation of, 1379, 1380 Detailing (see also Diagrams and Tables for detailing), 283, 1394 columns, 1684 development of, 30 general, 281 I-beams. See Designing. joints, 518 open-webbed, riveted-girder spans, 1674 piers, 1007 pin-connected highway spans, 1683 pin-connected railway spans, 1681 plate-girder spans, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671 pneumatic caissons, 1007 railway trestles and elevated railroads, 1683, 1684 riveted-truss, highway spans, 1680 riveted-truss, railway spans, 1675 rolled I-beam spans, 1667, 1668 Details of trusses, percentages of, 1227, 1239, 1240, 1241 Details, tests of, 1776 Deterioration of bridges, 1522 by rusting, 1517 Determination of areas of waterways, data for, 1109 Determination of centre line of rib, 863 Determination of layouts, 1210 Determination of probability of scour, 969 Detroit-Superior Bridge, Cleveland, Ohio, 631, 632 Development, American bridge engineering, 19 bridge materials, 16 detailing, 30 highway bridge building, 1532 reinforcing bars, 963 Diagonal tension, reinforced-concrete, 961 Diagonals of trusses, sections for, 1675, 1681 Diagrams for designing, detailing, and estimating, arch ribs, values of n and r, 640 centrifugal force from curved track, 137 clearance diagrams, tangent, through bridges, 484 tracks on curves, 147 columns, points of contraflexure in, 294 costs. See also Costs. comparison of carbon and nickel steel, 65, 66, 81, 86, 87 concrete, materials for, 1357, 1358 power equipment, movable bridges, 681 railway abutments, 1199 railway embankments, 1195, 1196 trestles, wooden, railway, 1197, 1198 draw spans, percentage of weight of simple span, 1249 reactions for balanced loads on rim bearing, 690 reactions for centre bearing, 691 earth pressures on retaining walls, 1034 I-beams for railway spans, 461 impact coefficients, electric railway bridges, 130 highway bridges, 131 railway bridges, 129 loads, live, end shears, electric railway, 179 end shears, railway, 104 engine diagram, Class 50 loading, 163 equivalent uniform, for electric railway bridges, 110-116 equivalent uniform, for railway bridges, 105, 106 road rollers and motor-trucks for highway bridges, 118 uniformly distributed, for highway bridges, 117 wheel loadings, electric railway bridges, 107 wheel loadings, railway bridges, 103 traction, for railway bridges, 157 wind, area of railway bridges exposed to wind, 153 Duchemin's formula for inclined surfaces, 150 highway and electric railway bridges, 154 railway bridges, 151 net sections of riveted tension members, 295 plate-girders, economic depths, 420 flange sections, 422 net areas of flanges composed of 2Ls and cover-plates, 429 rivet pitches for combined shear and direct load, 439, 441 shears throughout spans, 413, 415 points of contraflexure in braced columns, 294 rainfall and run-off throughout U. S., 1116 reinforced concrete, arches, approximate calculations, moment coefficient Cm for live loads, 870 moment of inertia, 841 point of contraflexure for arch shortening and temperature stresses, 870 temperature-stress coefficient C t, 871 beams, columns, and slabs, design of, columns under direct stress only, 819 double-reinforced beams, 802-804 flexure and direct stress, 822, 827, 831 slabs and small beams, 798 variable depths, 817 web reinforcement, 835 concentrated loads, distribution over slabs, 853 arrangement of, 854 continuous girder moment coefficient, 845 value of k-k³ and 2k- 3k²+K³ 843 forms, pressure of concrete on, 940 quantities. See Quantities. retaining walls, quantities, plain, 1319 reinforced, 1318 rivets, diagram for number required, 519, 520 skew-span arrangements, 485, 487 superelevation of track on curves, 135 tension members, riveted, net sections, 295 timber beams, 303 trestles, railway economic span lengths, 1259, 1270 maximum loads on tops of pedestals, 1263 trusses, section of members, pin-connected spans, 530 sections of members, riveted spans, 490 weights of steel superstructure. See Weights of steel superstructures. Diameters of pins, 531 truss members, 498, 506, 507, 531 Dictation, 1630 Dies and punches, sizes of, 1422 Differences of opinion, 1765 Dignity of profession, 1607 Dikes, 1866, 1867, 1868 spur, 1058 training, 1060 Dimensioning for camber, 751 Dimensions, standard, 332 Diplomacy in testing, 1470 Direct-current electric motors, 1793 Directions to contractor, 1765 Direct measurements, 1457 Direct tension on rivets, 276 Disc piles, 1012 Dishonesty, punishment for, 1631 Disposal of boring outfit, 1107 "Disputed Points in Railway-Bridge Designing," 120, 161, 282 Distance between central planes of stiffening trusses in suspension bridges, 656 Distribution of concentrated loads over slabs, 852 Distribution of metal in compression members, 274 Dividing line between specifications and contracts, 1557 Dixville, Kentucky, Bridge, 25 Docks for caissons, 994 Dominion Bridge Co., 612 Don River Lift Bridge at Rostoff, Russia, 740, 742 Doric order, 1153 Double-cancellation for lateral systems, 390 Double-concentration method, 170 Double-intersection triangular truss, 468, 471 Double-rotating cantilever draws, 665, 666 Double-shaft piers, walls of, 1052 Double-track railway bridges, live loads for, 107 weights of metal in, 1225, 1226, 1237-1248, 1266, 1268, 1269 Doubling up old spans, 1066, 1528 Douglas fir, 776 Down-spouts, 353, 1835 Drainage, basins, 373 curb and gutter drains, 373 gratings, 373 holes, 1731 pavements and roadways, 1835, 1836 pivot piers, 697 rail grooves, 373 sidewalk, 373 Draw bridges, 684, 1686 double, rotating cantilever, 665, 666 economic functions of, 1194 electrical operation of, 679 gates for, 1068 horizontal folding, 665 loads for, 1687, 1688, 1689 protection, 779 cost of, 779 designing of, 779 omission of, 779 timber crib type, 780 reactions for centre-bearing, 691 rest piers for, 779 shear-pole, 665 styles of trusses for, 1686 trusses, 1691 Draw for laterals, 391 Drawings, accompanying, 1758 checking of, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1395 cleaning of, 1387 contents of, 1381 detail, 1759 determination of required drawings, 1393 preparation of, 1378, 1380 filing of, 1386 laying out of, 1381 mailing of, 1398 making of, 1378 numbering of, 1396 records of, 1396, 1397 reinforced-concrete construction, 1382 shop, 1409 time-record for, 1408 titles for, 1381 working, 1380, 1759 Dredges, 992 Dredging machine, origin of, 12 Dressing for ropes, 1791 Drifting, 1781 Drifting tests for steel, 1775 Drilling, 327 bed-rock, 1103 core, 1094 solid, 334 Drill pipe, turning of, 1102 Drill points, 1094 Drippings, brine, 428 Drive caps, 1100 Drive head for borings, 1095, 1101 Driving piles, 1014, 1855 cost of, 1019 long piles with water jet, 1017 through clay, 1016 Drop hammer, 1014 Drums, operating, 1725 rim-bearing swing-spans, 1692 bearing-blocks, 1694 girders, 1694 Ductility test for asphalt, 1818 Duluth Bridge design, 667 Duluth Transporter Bridge, 672 Dun, James, 1111, 1112 Dun waterway table, 1111, 1112 Duplication, 1202 Durability of piling, 1013 Durability of plate-girder spans, 409 Düsseldorff Bridge, 626 Dust-covers, 1731 Dust guards for rollers, 456 Duties, customs, 1755 Duties of, bridge engineer to himself, 1631 bridge engineer to his clients, 1628 bridge engineer to his contractors, 1630 bridge engineer to his employees, and theirs to him, 1629 bridge engineer to the profession, 1622 bridge engineer to the public, 1631 employees, 1630 Dykes. See Dikes. Dynamiting, caissons, 993 piles, 1015 pipe, 1098 |