quickly, even if the onus of paying for demurrage be upon the contractor, because it is economic to keep the railroad officials in good humor by returning their cars quickly, and because it does not take many unloaded cars to clutter up the small, temporary yards built specially for the job.

Ninth. Give the contractor and his employees every aid that you can legitimately, short of assuming duties that are not your own—such as preparation of bills of materials, designs for plant, etc. By keeping the force in a good humor the work will be expedited, and economy for all concerned will result.

Tenth. Make all monthly estimates promptly, starting in two or three days before the end of the month, if that be necessary to accomplish the purpose.

Eleventh. For all unclassified work or so-called "extras," be sure to give the contractor in advance written instructions to do the same, and keep on file copies of all letters containing such directions.

Twelfth. Keep your progress reports and charts up to date so that you may know at a glance what proportion of each class of work on the job is finished and what proportion remains to be done.

Thirteenth. Remember at all times that the Resident Engineer is a confidential agent and not a principal, and be governed accordingly. While he has the right to discharge at any time any of his employees for just cause, he should keep the home office au courant with the character of the work of his assistants, in order that, if changes in the staff are to be made, the field work will not be disorganized thereby.

Fourteenth. If practicable, the field property of the Engineers, such as instruments, tapes, testing apparatus, etc., should be insured against loss by fire, theft, or the action of the elements. Sometimes this is impossible; but whether it is or not, every precaution should be taken to prevent such occurrences, not merely because of the pecuniary loss to the principals but also because of the delay to the fieldwork that would be likely to result.

Fifteenth. Copy all important surveys from the field books into a survey-record as soon as made; and never let that record be taken into the field, for its loss might cause great inconvenience and expense. When loose-leaf books are used for records that might be called into a court of law, each page must be signed and dated by the writer thereof at the time he makes the record; and each such page must have a heading or title which will show beyond any doubt just what is recorded thereon and the source of the information.

Sixteenth. Log books or diaries must be written up each day, whether there was any work done or not.

Seventeenth. As a great many of the Resident Engineer's duties are of a semi-judicial character, all of his acts may at any time come under the review or inspection of a court of law; hence he must always keep this in mind when making decisions or compiling records. The latter must be full, concise, and so made as to be admissible as evidence in a suit at law.