Iowa Women's Archives
University of Iowa Libraries
Iowa City, Iowa

CHRISTINE GRANT (1936- )

PAPERS, 1952-2005
(bulk 1970-2005)

17.3 linear feet

Collection Overview

Biography

Sports administrator, professor, and gender equity activist Christine Grant was born in May 1936 in Bo’ness, Scotland, to Donald Annan and Jean (Orr) Grant. In 1956 Grant received her Diploma of Physical Education at Dunfermline College in Aberdeen, Scotland. After graduating she was a high school teacher and coach in Graeme, Scotland (1956-1961), and field hockey coach and umpire at the high school, collegiate, national and international levels in British Columbia (1961-1964), Ottawa (1964-1965), and Toronto(1965-1971). Grant moved to Iowa City, Iowa, to pursue a bachelor’s degree in physical education at the University of Iowa. She received her bachelor’s degree in 1969, and continued her graduate work, earning a master’s degree in physical education in 1970, and a Ph.D. in physical education with an emphasis in administration in 1974.

Christine Grant began her tenure as the first and only athletic director of the Department of Women’s Athletics at the University of Iowa in 1973, holding the position until her retirement in 2000. Grant also served as associate professor within the Department of Physical Education for Women (1973-2006). Grant has spoken and published widely and has held numerous leadership positions as an advocate of gender equity in sports. She served as the president of the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) from 1980 to 1981, and testified as an expert witness and advisor in Title IX lawsuits. She received numerous awards and honors, including the prestigious Billie Jean King Award presented by the Women’s Sports Foundation, two honorary doctorates, and induction into the University of Iowa Athletics Hall of Fame and the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame.

Scope and Content Note

The Christine Grant papers date from 1952 to 2005 and measure 17.3 linear feet. The papers are arranged in ten series: Biographical information, Gender equity in athletics, Publications, Speeches, Professional and political involvement, University of Iowa, Newspaper Clippings, Photographs, Artifacts, and Audiovisuals.

Grant’s professional career is documented in the Biographical Information series (1952-2005), which is comprised of certificates, job offers, awards, and a curriculum vita. Pphotocopies of the many plaques and trophies not held by the archives are included here. The correspondence in this series consists of congratulatory and thank-you letters. Newspaper articles concern Grant’s career as an administrator and spokeswoman for gender equity, and also document the Grant Field dedication ceremony and her retirement from the athletics department. The bulk of this series dates from 1971-2005, with six pocket editions of Scottish Country Dance Books (1952-1956) completing the series.

The Gender Equity in Athletics series (1971-2003) documents Christine Grant’s commitment to ensuring opportunities for girls and women in sport. The series includes legal documents, notes, correspondence, and Grant’s testimony in the 1982 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) vs. Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) lawsuit. Material pertaining to Title IX legal action taken by universities and high schools nationwide includes court briefs, testimony, affidavits, correspondence, and media coverage. Grant’s involvement as an expert witness can be viewed in her briefs, notes and other material used during her testimony, depositions, and expert reports. Included, are general documents dealing with Title IX compliance, self study surveys, reviews, government documents published by the Office of Civil Rights, and committee hearings, including Grant’s testimony before the Postsecondary Education Committee and statements before the Senate Judiciary Committee and United States Commission on Civil Rights. Grant’s resource files consist of articles, facts and figures that she used in speeches and publications, and a book about women’s athletics that is shelved with the printed works collection in the Iowa Women’s Archives: Silver Era Golden Moments: A Celebration of Ivy League Women’s Athletics (1999) by Lynn Page Whittaker and Daniel H. Rosenthal.

The Publications series (1979-2002) consists of articles written by Grant for scholarly journals, newspaper editorials, and periodicals, along with drafts, manuscripts, and correspondence with editors, co-authors, and colleagues.

The speeches given by Grant at local clubs, schools, national and international organizations and banquets held by the University of Iowa Women’s Athletics Program are located in the Speeches series (1972-2001). The speeches consist of reflections on women in sports, the impact of Title IX, the NCAA and AIAW, and a series of motivational speeches entitled “Jonathan Livingston Seagull.” AIAW speeches and speeches presented by others, including N. Peggy Burke, complete the series.

Grant’s involvement in a variety of professional organizations is documented in the Professional and Political Involvement series (1971-2002), which consists of constitutions, by-laws, handbooks, publications, studies, reports, position papers, and other material pertaining to the organizations. Included are papers relating to the dispute between the NCAA and the AIAW over intercollegiate championships for women. The series also documents Grant’s participation in political organizations and causes including the Feminist Majority Foundation’s Task Force on Women & Girls in Sports during the mid-1990s and her work on the 1982 fundraising campaign for Roxanne Conlin for Governor of Iowa.

The University of Iowa series (1974-2000) is arranged by Grant’s work as Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Education for Women and as the Iowa Women’s Athletics director. The series includes an executive summary on gender equity, marketing, and budget plans, a Title IX compliance self-study, and papers pertaining to the effects of restructuring the NCAA on her position as director of Women’s Athletics. A ten-year plan written in the late 1970s and later committee reports, minutes, and a self-study conducted during the reorganization of the Department of Physical Education for Women complete the series.

Grant’s fight to provide equal opportunities for girls and women in sport is reflected in the Newspaper Clippings series(1978-2002). The series consists of articles collected by Grant on racial and gender equity, Title IX, NCAA vs. AIAW lawsuits, and athletics at the University of Iowa.  

Portraits of Grant used for publications and photographs of Grant at award ceremonies, conventions, and with colleagues at work and on the playing fields comprise the Photographs series.

The Artifacts series (1981-2000) contains award and membership plaques such as the Grant Field Dedication and the University of Iowa’s AIAW Charter Membership Plaque.

The Audiovisual series (1992-2002) includes recordings of a debate between NCAA and AIAW leaders, and radio shows in which Grant and fellow gender equity activist Bonnie Slatton discuss issues of Title IX and high school and collegiate women’s sports. There are two videocassettes. The first is student athletes speaking about the dangers of smoking and chewing tobacco. The second includes Iowa Women’s Basketball game footage, interviews of coach Lark Birdsong, and athletes discussing six on six versus five on five women’s basketball.

Related Collections

University of Iowa Department of Physical Education for Women records
C. Pauline Spencer papers

Spencer was a 1923 graduate of the University's Department of Physical Education for Women and a standout athlete in many sports.

N. Peggy Burke papers

Burke was a faculty member in the University of Iowa Department of Physical Education for Women.

WSUI- Julie Englander, “100 th Anniversary of UI Health and Sport Studies.”

Audiotaped interviews with alumnae and faculty of the Department of Health and Sport Studies conducted by Englander during centennial reunion events in 2004.

 

Box List

Box 1

BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Career

Curriculum Vitae, 1989, 1999 Job Offers, 1979-1993 Mentoring Program, 1993-1994 Newspaper Clippings

Career, 1992-2005 Grant Field Dedication, 1991 Retirement, 2000

Scottish Country Dance Books, Pocket Edition, 1952-1956 (6 volumes)

Awards

AIAW 9 th President Billie Jean King Award, 1995 Certificates, 1961-2003 Grant Field Dedication (University of Iowa), 1991 Correspondence, 1991 Banquet, 1991 Jean Y. Jew Women’s Rights Award, 1994 Luther College Honorary Degree, Doctor of Humane Letters, 2002 Men and Women of Distinction, 1980 National Women’s Administrator of the Year, 1993 National Association of Collegiate Women Athletic Administrators (NACWAA) Honda Award of Merit, 1998 National Association for Girls and Women in Sport, 2002, 2003 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Senior Woman Administrator, NCAA Woman of the Year, 1998 Pathfinder Award, 1993 University of Iowa Faculty Honors Reception, 2003 University of Iowa Varsity Club, 2001 Who’s Who of American Women, 1988, 1992 Women of Influence Portrait, 1990 Women’s Athletics Top 25 People, 1997 Women’s Basketball Coaches Association Administrator’s Award, 1992

Box 2

Correspondence

1972-2003, and undated (13 folders)

Box 3

GENDER EQUITY IN ATHLETICS

NCAA vs. AIAW: Lawsuit

Case as Presented in Textbook John Allen Notes Pretrial BriefVerified Complaint, 9 October 1981 Order, 9 October 1981 Order, 28 October 1981 Defendant NCAA’s First Set of Interrogatories, 9 November 1981 Defendant NCAA’s First Request for Production of Documents, 9 November 1981 Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Renewed Motion for Preliminary Injunction, 12 January 1982 AIAW Resolution and Testimony Granting of Preliminary Injunction, 13 January 1982 Defendant’s First Statement of Contentions and Proof, 25 January 1982 Reply Memorandum, 2 February 1982 NCAA Response to AIAW Initial Request for Production of Documents, 16 February 1982 NCAA Documents in Adjudicating the Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction (2 folders) Emergency Motion for Preliminary Injunction Pending Appeal or in the Alternative for Summer Reversal, 19 February 1982 NCAA Response to Opposition to AIAW Emergency Motion, 24 February 1982 Decision and Order, 25 February 1982 Defendant NCAA’s Second Request for Admissions, 15 March 1982 Response to AIAW to the Defendant NCAA’s Second Request for Admissions, 25 March 1982 NCAA Response to AIAW First Request for Admissions, 25 March 1982

Box 4

NCAA vs. AIAW: Lawsuit

AIAW Ethics and Eligibility Committee, 9 April 1982 Defendants’ Outline of Witnesses and their Testimony, 21 April 1982 Pretrial Brief for the Plaintiff, 23 August 1982 Response to Plaintiff’s Statements of Facts, 1 September 1982 Plaintiff’s Reply to Facts Affirmatively Stated in Defendant’s Response, 8 September 1982 Appeal

Brief for Appellee, 1983 Brief for Appellant, 1983 Reply Brief for Appellant, 1983 United States Court of Appeals, 1984

Affidavit of Donna A. Lopiano

Appendix Vol. I Appendix Vol. II

Box 5

NCAA vs. AIAW: Lawsuit

Appendix Vol. III

Testimony

Submission of Written Testimony, 1982 Baker, Merrily Dean Berkey, Ruth M. Blackburn, Thomas H. Brown, Cynthia G. Byers, Walter Cerra, G. Jean DeVarona, Donna Finch, Nora Lynn Fritz, Harry Grant, Christine Holland, Judith R. Hunt, Virginia Klein, Paul L. Koch, James B. Lardner, Rex Lynford, Jr Lopiano, Donna A. Mason, Geoffrey Morrison, Lonnie Leotus Murray, Mimi Taylor, Sharon E. Tietz, William J., Jr. Toner, John L. Uhlir, G. Ann Watson, Arthur, D.

Box 6

NCAA vs. AIAW: General

AIAW

Correspondence, undated Correspondence, 1979-1982 Correspondence, Christine Grant with Judith Holland, 1980 Directory, 1980-1981 Donna A. Lopiano- Final Delegate Assembly Presidential Address, 1982 Handbook, 1979-1982 Letters of Support, 1980 Merger Proposal, 1982 Petitions, 1980 Championships, 1980-1982 Drafting Committee, 1980-1981 Grant, Christine

Future of Women’s Athletics Notes and Fact Sheets

Legal Opinion, 1975-1983 Media, 1979-1981

Box 7

NCAA vs. AIAW: General

Meeting Minutes, 1979-1980 NCAA Correspondence, 1980-1983 Proposed Governance Plan, 1980 Reports, 1975-1981 Telephone Conversations, 1981 University Position Papers, 1980-1981

Title IX: Lawsuits [by school]

Anamosa Community School District, 1996 Baylor University, 1994 Boston College, 1996 Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 1991

Box 8

Title IX: Lawsuits [by school]

Brown

Commerce Subcommittee, 1993 Correspondence, 1992-1995, 1997-1998 House of Representatives Hearing, 1993 Newspaper Clippings, 1994-1996 Notes, undated Postsecondary Education Subcommittee, Testimony- Vartan Gregorian, 1995 Supreme Court Briefs, 1997 US Court of Appeals

1993 1995-1996

US District Court

Briefs

1991-1992 and undated (2 folders)

Box 9

Title IX: Lawsuits [by school] (cont.)

Briefs, undated (1 folder) Judgment, 1992, 1995 Proposed Compliance Plan, 1995, 1997 Testimony- Christine Grant, 1992

Women’s Rights Law Reports, 1999

California State University, 1993 Calvert County Public Schools, 1996 Cardinal Stritch College, 1995 Cedartown High School, 1996 Clearfield Area School District, 1996 Colgate University, 1992, 1996 Colorado State University, 1993 Connecticut High Schools

Danbury Public School District, 1997 Wilton Public School District, 1997

Box 10

Title IX: Lawsuits [by school]

Drake University, 1994 Duke University, 2002 Duquesne University, 1994 Eastern Illinois University, 1997 Grove City College, 1984 Gwinnett County Public Schools, 1992 Henry Broadcasting Co., 1997 Howard County Public Schools, 1996 Illinois State University, 1999 Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 1992 Kentucky High School Athletic Association, 1994 Louisiana State University

Deposition- Christine Grant, 1995

Media Coverage, 1996, 2000 Notes Opinion and Order, 1996 Plan for Compliance, 1996 Report- Christine Grant, 1995

Michigan High School Athletic Association

Cheerleading Not a Sport, 1999 Complaint, 1998 Deposition- Christine Grant, 1999 Judgment and Order, 2000

Box 11

Title IX: Lawsuits [by school]

Michigan State University, 1982 Midland Soccer Club, 1981 Montana High School Athletic Association

Depositions, 1995 Ad Hoc Seasons Committee Final Report, 1995

National Women’s Law Center v. NCAA Championships, 1998 National Women’s Law Center v. 25 Schools, 1997 Nebraska High Schools

Fremont Public Schools

Report- Christine Grant, 1996 Consent Decree, 1996

Minden Public School, 1996 North Platte Public School, 1996

New Mexico Highlands University

Complaint, 1997 Defendants’ Answers to Plaintiffs’ Interrogatories Deposition- Christine Grant, 1999 Testimony

Office of Civil Rights ( OCR)

Case List, 1995 Findings at Twenty Institutions

Oklahoma Public Schools, 1996 Orange-Windsor School Union, 1996 Presbyterian College, 2000 Rock Island School District

Complaint, 1998 Corrective Action Plan, 1995 Settlement Agreement, 1998

Box 12

Title IX: Lawsuits [by school]

Saginaw Valley State, 2000 Shore Regional High School District, 1996 South Dakota High School Activities Association, 2000 Syracuse University, 1996 Temple University

Affirmations, 1986 Amended Complaint, 1985 Consent Decree, 1988 Expert Report- Christine Grant, 1986 Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary

Injunction, 1986

Newspaper Clippings, 1988 Opinion, 1987

Texas A&M University Systems

Appeal, 1997 Deposition- Christine Grant, 1998 Report- Donna A. Lopiano, 1998 Second Amended Complaint, 1997

University of Bridgeport, 1994 University of Illinois, Urbana, 1982 University of Iowa, 1976 University of Minnesota

Affidavit

Gildea, Lorie, 1998 Grant, Christine, 1997 Karon, Judith, 1998 Stead, David, 1998

Agreement to Resolve Complaint, 1997 Correspondence, 1997-1998 Deposition

Lindal, Renata, 1998 Wongstrom, Alexandra, 1998

Box 13

Title IX: Lawsuits [by school]

University of Minnesota

Memorandum in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, 1998 Motions and Orders, 1998 News Publications, 1997 -1999 NotesSettlement Conference (2 folders)

University of Mississippi

Complaint, 2000 Report- Christine Grant, 2001

University of Missouri, 1982-1983 University of Nebraska at Omaha, 1998 University of Texas at Austin, 1992 University of Toledo, 1990 Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1993-1994 Washington State University, 1982-1988, c. 2003

Box 14

Title IX: General

Compliance

Chicago Public Schools, 1989 Florida State University

Florida Intercollegiate Athletics Equity Act, 1991 Title IX Surveys, 1980

Northampton Public Schools, 1991 Office of Civil Rights Workshop, 1988 San Jose State University University In-House Audit University of New Hampshire, 1993 University of Maryland, 1991 Virginia Tech Washington County School District, 1993 Youngstown State University

Conferences

Arizona Sports Summit Accord- Pursuing Victory with Honor, 1999 Chicago, Illinois-NCAA Title IX Seminar, 1998

Box 15

Title IX: General

DePaul University- Legal Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 1993 Duke University- Gender and Sports in 1995, 1995 Illinois State University- Gender Equity, c.1994 Office of Civil Rights Title IX Athletics Coordinators Conference, 1998 Rutgers- Defining Title IX and Gender Equity in the 1990s

Correspondence, 1992 Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act

Correspondence, 1994-1999 Fair Play Act, 1997 Federal Register, 1995 Newspaper Clippings, 1995 Reports, 1998

Big 12 Pac 10

Box 16

Title IX: General

Pac 10 and Big 12, 1998 (2 folders) Southeastern Conference, 1998

Worksheet, 1998

Facts and Figures Hastert Study, 1999 High School Athletics, 2002 Implications of Grove City College v. Bell Decision, 1984 Media CoverageNational Coalition for Women and Girls in Education, 2002 National Survey of AIAW Institutions, 1978 O’Brien Equity Project Inc., 1998 Reviews

California State University, Fresno

Corrective Action Plan Compliance Review, 1994

East Stroudsburg, 1987 Title IX Intercollegiate Athletics Investigator’s Manual, 1980 Northern Illinois University- Office of Civil Rights Report, 1993-1994, 1998

Box 17

Title IX: General

Reviews

State University System of Florida- Report and Recommendations, 1986 University of California- Report and Recommendations, 1993 University of Maryland, Baltimore County- Office of Civil Rights Report, 1991 Washington County School District- Corrective Action Plan, 1993

The Sanford Plan, 1979 Self-Study

Swarthmore College, 1987 University of Florida

So-called Demise of Non-revenue Men’s Sports, 1995 US Government

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

Changing Sex-Role Stereotyping and Sex Bias, 1979 Competitive Athletics: In Search of Equal Opportunities Proposed Regulations to Effectuate Title IX, 1974-1979

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: Guidance on Anti-Discrimination of Coaches’ Pay, 1997 General Accounting Office: Intercollegiate Athletics Reports, 1992-1993, 1996 Hearings

Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness Subcommittee: Intercollegiate Athletics 1991-1993

Statements, 1991 Testimony- Grant, Christine, 1992

Box 18

Title IX: General

US Government

Hearings

Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce and Tourism Subcommittee: Statement- Cantu, Norma V., 1995 Postsecondary Education Committee: Hearing on Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 1995

Correspondence (2 folders) Statements (6 folders) Testimonies ( 3 folders)

Senate Judiciary Committee: Statement- Grant, Christine, 1998 United States Commission on Civil Rights: Statement- Grant, Christine, 1979

McMillen Athletic Bill, 1991 Office of Civil Rights (OCR)

Blue Ribbon Award Nomination, c. 1997 Exemption of Revenue Producing Sports, 1995 Federal Register, 1975-1979 HEW News, US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1978-1979 Intercollegiate Athletics Workshop, c. 1989 Interpretation of Title IX for Sex Separate Departments, 1976 Investigator’s Manual and Recommendations, 1990, 1994 Lopiano, Donna- Different Does Not Mean Discriminatory: Rules Differences in Collegiate Athletics, 1980 Policy Interpretation, 1978-1979 Three-Prong Test

Norma Cantu Correspondence, 1995Policy Clarification Guidelines, 1995-1996

Box 19

Title IX: General

Women’s Sports Foundation Report, 1997 United States Senate- Correspondence, 1995

Resources

Acosta, Vivian, “Status of Women in Athletics: Changes and Causes,” 1985 Acosta, Vivian and Linda Jean Carpenter

Women in Sport Study, 1980-1991 Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, “Status of Women in Athletics: Changes and Causes,” 1985

American Civil Liberties Union, 1975 Arena Review, Vol. 8, No. 2, July 1984, The Politics of Women’s Sport The Athletic Educator’s Handbook, 1976 Athletic Management, “Charging Ahead,” 199 Barr, Carol, Sports Law Review, “One For All: Title IX Case,” 1998 Birrell, Susan, “Separatism as an Issue in Women’s Sport,” 1983 Bonnette, Valerie, Title IX Basics Boring, Phyllis, A Feminist Looks at Sports Burke, Peggy, “Title IX- A Woman’s View,” 1978 The Chronicle of Higher Education, “Title IX Facts and Figures,” 1999 Craig, Albert, “Rules and Ethics in Sports,” 1971 Curtis, Mary C., “Philanthropy in the United States,” 1994 Decline of Women in Sport

Data and Information, 1971-1990 Administrators, 1985-1991 (2 folders)

Duke Journal of Gender Law and Policy, “The Path of Most Resistance: The Long Road Toward Gender Equity in Intercollegiate Athletics,” 1996 Dunkle, Margaret, “Title IX: What it Means and Doesn’t Mean to Athletic Programs,” 1976 “The Education of Sports Women” Engstrand, Gary, “Athletics, Administrators, Women and the Law” The Equal Rights Amendment Facts and Action Guide, 1986

Box 20

Title IX: General

US Government

Hearings

Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce and Tourism Subcommittee: Statement- Cantu, Norma V., 1995 Postsecondary Education Committee: Hearing on Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 1995

Correspondence (2 folders) Statements (6 folders) Testimonies (3 folders)

Senate Judiciary Committee: Statement- Grant, Christine, 1998 United States Commission on Civil Rights: Statement- Grant, Christine, 1979

McMillen Athletic Bill, 1991 Office of Civil Rights ( OCR)

Blue Ribbon Award Nomination, c. 1997 Exemption of Revenue Producing Sports, 1995 Federal Register, 1975-1979 HEW News, 1978-1979 Intercollegiate Athletics Workshop, c. 1989 Interpretation of Title IX for Sex Separate Departments, 1976 Investigator’s Manual and Recommendations, 1990, 1994 Lopiano, Donna- Different does not Mean Discriminatory: Rules Differences in Collegiate Athletics, 1980 Policy Interpretation, 1978-1979 Three-Prong Test Norma Cantu Correspondence, 1995 Policy Clarification Guidelines, 1995-1996

Box 19

Title IX: General

Women’s Sports Foundation Report, 1997 United States Senate- Correspondence, 1995

Resources [reference material]

Acosta, Vivian, “Status of Women in Athletics: Changes and Causes,” 1985 Acosta, Vivian and Linda Jean Carpenter

Women in Sport Study, 1980-1991 JOPERD, “Status of Women in Athletics: Changes and Causes,” 1985

American Civil Liberties Union, 1975 Arena Review, Vol. 8, No. 2, July 1984, The Politics of Women’s Sport The Athletic Educator’s Handbook, 1976 Athletic Management, “Charging Ahead,” 1992 Barr, Carol, Sports Law Review, “One For All: Title IX Case,” 1998 Birrell, Susan, “Separatism as an issue in Women’s Sport,” 1983 Bonnette, Valerie, Title IX Basics Boring, Phyllis, A Feminist Looks at Sports Burke, Peggy, “Title IX- A Woman’s View,” 1978 The Chronicle of Higher Education, Title IX Facts and Figures, 1999 Craig, Albert, “Rules and Ethics in Sports,” 1971 Curtis, Mary C., “Philanthropy in the United States,” 1994 Decline of Women in Sport

Data and Information, 1971-1990 Administrators

Jeanne Rowlands, 1987-1991 Charlotte West, 1985-1988

Duke Journal of Gender Law and Policy, “The Path of Most Resistance: The Long Road Toward Gender Equity in Intercollegiate Athletics,” 1996 Dunkle, Margaret, “Title IX: What it Means and Doesn’t Mean to Athletic Programs,” 1976 “The Education of Sports Women”Engstrand, Gary, “Athletics, Administrators, Women and the Law” The Equal Rights Amendment Facts and Action Guide, 1986

Box 20

Resources [reference material]

The Female Athlete, 1980 Fox, Margaret, “Title IX Equality: Reality or Myth?” c. 1976 Frankel, Eleanor, Athletic Management, “Charging Ahead: Gender Equity Movement,” 1992 Freedman, James O., Statistics on Women’s Progress, 1986 Frey James H., “Institutional Control of Athletics” Government Action on Sex Bias in the Schools, 1977 Hall, M. Ann and Dorothy A. Richardson, Fair Ball: Towards Sex Equality in Canadian Sport, 1982 “Has Title IX Delivered an ‘Air Ball’ to Coaches?” Hilton, Lisette, Mid-Atlantic Sports World, “Women’s Sports: Who Needs Title IX?” 1996 Holmen, Milton and Bonnie Parkhouse, “Multivariate Considerations in the Selection of Coaches for Female Athletes,” 1980 Hult, Joan, “The Role of Governing Bodies in Athletics” The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, “Title IX at Twenty: Mature Programs or Still Toddling,” 1992 Journal of Sport Law, “Pay Equity: A Legal and Practical Approach to the Compensation of College Coaches,” 1996 Kramer, Bill, “Title IX in Intercollegiate Athletics: Litigation Risks Facing Colleges and Universities,” 1993 Kurtz, Paul, “A Secular Humanist Declaration” Lopiano, Donna

“Different Does Not Mean Discriminatory: Rules Differences in Collegiate Athletics,” 1980“What NCAA Control Could Mean to Women’s Intercollegiate Athletics,” 1982Fundraising Programs for Non-Revenue Sports, 1983“Modern History of Women in Sports,” 2000

Morris, L. Delyte, “A Socio-Psychological Study of Highly Skilled Women Field Hockey Players,” 1971 NCAA vs. AIAW articles, 1979-1980 National Women’s Law Center, Title IX and Men’s Minor Sport: A False Conflict O’Brien, Timothy, NCAA Title IX Seminar: “Recent Case Development,” 1998 “One Fine Day” Professional Sports Journal, “Should Football and Basketball Be Excluded from Title IX? Bonnie Slatton vs. Thomas Hansen” Project on the Status and Education of Women, Update on Title IX and Sports, 1978 Resource Center on Sex Roles in Education, “Complying with Title IX: The First Twelve Months,” undated Schafer, Susan, A Working Model for the Equity Professional, 1984 Shavlick, Donna, “Women and the Olympic Spirit,” 1983 Smith, Karen, “Title IX and Gender Equity,” 1992 Sports Illustrated Women, “Who’s Afraid of Title IX,” 2003 Sports Inc., “Women and Sports,” State of Iowa Department of Public Instruction- “Title IX, Physical Education and Athletics,” 1978

Box 21

Resources

Telander, Rick, “Something Must Be Done,” Sports Illustrated, 1989 Thorgren, Connie, “Keeping the Female Coach,” 1990 Title IX Articles, 1979-1980 University of Iowa Theses

Green, Michael, "The History of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women: With an Iowa Perspective," 1997 Hacket, Linda, Analysis of Basketball Season Ticket Holders, 1989 Hoogestraat, Fran M., “Women’s Intercollegiate Athletics: NCAA Division I Basketball,” 1993 Meyer, Ruth Ann, “Likert’s Management System Theory,” 1983

University of Texas at Austin

"Gender Equity in Intercollegiate Athletics: The Inadequacy of Title IX Enforcement by the U.S. Office for Civil Rights," 1993 “It’s Not Whether You Win or Lose, But Whether You Get to Play,” 1994

US Commission on Civil Rights, New Perspectives, 1988 Weistart, John, “Title IX: The Problem of Structural Bias in Athletic Department Decision-Making,” 1996 Women Studies International Forum, 1987Whittaker, Lynn Page and Daniel H. Rosenthal. Silver Era Golden Moments: A Celebration of Ivy League Women’s Athletics. Lanham , Maryland: Madison Books, 1999 [shelved with Iowa Women’s Archives printed works]

Box 22

PUBLICATIONS

Grant, Christine

Arena, “Title IX is a Civil Rights Issue,” 1979 Arena Review, “The Gender Gap in Sport,” 1994 At Iowa, “Harmony Through Partnership” California Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (CAHPERD) Journal Times, “The Essence of Sport: The Empowerment of Women,” 2002 College Sports, “Questions and Answers on Gender Equity,” 1993 The Counseling Psychologist, “Reaffirming the Coach-Athlete Relationship,” 1993 Des Moines Register, “Title IX,” 1992 Educational Record, “Institutional Autonomy on Intercollegiate Athletics,” 1979 “The Essence of Sport: The Empowerment of Women,” 2002 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice, “Women in Intercollegiate Sport: A History and Practice of Discrimination,” 2000 Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, “Recapturing the Vision: Future Directions of Women in Sport,” 1989 Melpomene Journal, “Title IX: Twenty Five Years of Struggle,” 1997 On Campus With Women, “A Woman’s Model for Colleges: The Scholar/Athlete,” 1991 “A Position Paper on Equal Opportunity in Sport,” 1992 Professional Women’s Network, “Gender Equity,” 1993 “Title IX,” 1992 Umpiring for Field Hockey USA Today, Editorial USA Weekend, “200 Opinion Leaders Speak Out on Civil Rights, 1991” U.S. Women’s Interest Groups: AIAW

“Where We’ve Been” Women in Higher Education, 1993-1998 Women’s Issues Groups: National Association of Collegiate Women Athletic Administrators, 1992 Women’s Sports Roundtable, 1987

Burke, N. Peg, Christine Grant and Yvonne Slatton, "The Design Process/Product Model to Create Change in Intercollegiate Athletics" Curtis, Mary and Christine Grant, “Even with Football Equity can Become a Reality” Curtis, Mary, Charles F. Darley and Christine Grant, “Gender Equity: Demise or Reaffirmation?” 1995 Darley, Charles F., Yvonne Slatton and Christine Grant, “Guiding Principles for Intercollegiate Athletics: A Reconsideration,” 1995 Grant, Christine and Charles F. Darley

“Reaffirming the Coach-Athlete Relationship” “Equity: What Price Equality,” 1993 Women in Sport: Issues and Controversies

Box 23

Grant, Christine and Robert Foldesi, Readings in Higher Education, “Playing Fair with Coaches’ Compensation,” 2001 Grant, Christine and Carol Gruber, “Gender Equity and the Welfare of the Student Athlete”

SPEECHES

Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW)

Eastern Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (EAIAW)

Oglesby, Carole A. and Carole L. Mushier- Reflections, 1982Rowlands, Jeanne- Megatrends in Athletics

Fourth Annual Delegate Assembly

Burke, N. Peg- Promises to Keep and Miles to Go Before We Sleep, 1977

Looking Toward the Future, 1984 Lopiano, Donna A. - AIAW v. NCAA, 1981 and undated Massachusetts Speak Out Midwest Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women Burke, N. Peg- What Are You Saying, 1974 Presidential Address

Philosophical Principles, 1979 Celebration of Women in Sports, 1980 The Era of the Roses, 1980 The Meaning of the Existence of the AIAW, 1980 Past, Present and Future, 1981 Lopiano, Donna A. - AIAW v. NCAA, 1982 We Aspire to the Highest Ideals in Athletics, 1982

President’s Summit Conference

Hanford, George H. - Intercollegiate Athletics Today and Tomorrow, 1976

Problems in Women’s Athletics, 1975 Recruiting, 1977 Region I Delegate Assembly- The Meaning of the Existence of the AIAW, 1980 Region II Delegate Assembly

Lopiano, Donna A. - How Can AIAW Most Effectively Serve You? 1980

Region III Delegate Assembly

Burke, Peg, N. - Would you tell me please, which way I ought to go from here? 1976

Region IX Delegate Assembly- Liberty, Equality and Sorority Slatton, Yvonne- AIAW: Reasonable Alternative Southern Region II Delegate Assembly

Lopiano, Donna A. - NCAA/AIAW and AIAW Issues: Perhaps Some Answers, 1980

University of Iowa Mushier, Carole L. - 1979-1980 Delegate Assembly, 1980

Speeches by Christine Grant

Calendar of Speaking Engagements, 1992-1994 Data Overheads Material- Quotes, Poetry, Clippings Programs, 1988, 2000 An Alternate Approach to Equality Alumni Leadership Conference- Public Service, 1990 American Alliance of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD)

The Essence of Movement, 1975 As Former AIAW President, 1985 AIAW: Our History, Our Legacy, Our Future, 1989 How to Get Involved and Effectuate Change in Governance of Collegiate Sport, 1991 AIAW: The Foresight, 1992 Status of State Laws to Remedy Sex Discrimination, 1992 Rachel Bryant Lecture- A Sport for Every Girl and Every Girl in a Sport, 1996

American Heart Association- Essence of Women’s Intercollegiate Athletics, 1984 ACCT- Title IX Positives and Negatives, 1976 American Council of Education (ACE) 61 st Annual Meeting, Intercollegiate Athletics, 1980

Box 24

Speeches by Christine Grant

Army Corps of Engineers- Women’s Equality Day Luncheon, 2000 Barnard College Columbia University- Celebration of Women in Sports, 1980 Bethany High School Athletic Banquet- The Search for Excellence, 1986 Big Ten

Championships Tennis Banquet Do Your Best, 1985 Lasting Friendships, 1994 Separate Departments Rationale, 1975 Support Personnel- The “Student” in Student-Athlete, 2000 Where We’ve Been, Where We Are, Where We’re Going: Women’s Athletics in the 1990s

Buena Vista College- The Search for Excellence, 1986-1987 Burlington Rotary Club- Women’s Intercollegiate Athletics, 1999 Cedar Rapids Area Business Luncheon- Japan Basketball Friendship Tour Cedar Rapids Professional Women- The Handmaid’s Tale, 1987 Central College, Pella Iowa- Ethics in Sport Changing Family Conference- Increasing Opportunities for Women in Sport, 1986 Citizens for Sports Equity- The Spirit of Equity in Girls and Women’s Sports, 1991 College Field Hockey Coaches Association- All in Each and Each in All, 1993 Compromised Values in Division I Programs Cornell College First Women’s Athletic Banquet- Women Sports: Exciting Prospects, 1975 Cosida Convention- 1978 Interpretations of Title IX, 1979 Council of Collegiate Women’s Athletic Administrators (CCWAA)

Employment of Women in Athletic Programs, 1985 (3 folders) President-Elect Speech- Women of Courage, Women of Conviction, 1987 Honors Luncheon- Honor Award Presentation, c. 1989 Tribute to Women in Business and Industry- Growing Up Female, 1990

Council of Ten- Recommendations for the Direction of Women’s Athletics Davenport Athletic Banquet- The Lessons of Sport, 1988 Delta Psi Kappa- Involvement Today: An Athletic Director’s View, 1982 Dental Hygiene Alumni Conference and Reunion- The Rising of the Women, 1998 Des Moines Business and Professional Women- Women’s Athletics…in the midst of a revolution, 1992 Des Moines Register Banquet- Achieving Excellence Division III National Basketball Banquet- History in the Making: Liberty, Equality and Sorority, 1980 Duke University- Confirming Victory for the Women in Sport, 1995 Equality for Women Evergreen State College- Issues in Governance of Amateur Women’s Sport, 1984 Expo’ 96- Pay Equity: The Dilemma in NCAA Div I Athletics Programs, 1996 Exposing Mythical Limitations: A Feminist Analysis, 1983 FIPSE Proposal- Communication and Support within Intercollegiate Athletics Foremothers Forum on Local and Global Meaning of the Olympic Games- Sport, Media and National Identity Girl Scout award, Vivian Stringer Grinnell Symposium- Sports and the National Character, 1984

Box 25

Speeches by Christine Grant

Hills Bank Luncheon- Vivian Stringer, 1988 Hope College Critical Issues Symposium- Sport and American Life, 1997 I-Club

Foundation Board of Directors, 1994-1996 Linn Country- The Handmaid’s Tale in Our Society, 1987 Vinton- University of Iowa’s 1986-1987 Year, 1987 Women’s Athletics Fundraising, 1993

International Field Hockey- An Alternate Athletics Model, 1974 Iowa City Booster Club- Basketball Breakfast, 1988 Iowa City Chamber of Commerce

Community Leadership Program, 1995 Would You Mind Stepping Outside? A Perspective on Ethics, 1995

Iowa City Community School District- Recipe for a Team 1991 Iowa City Rotary Club- Call for Assistance Iowa Commission on Status of Women- Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls, 1998 Iowa High School Girls Athletic Union- Coaching is God’s Work, 2000 Iowa State University Women’s Center- Women and Power, 1988-1989 Joint Service Club Luncheon- Excitement Surrounding Intercollegiate Athletics Jonathan Livingston Seagull: Jane Marie Athlete is No Ordinary Person Jonathan Livingston Seagull: The Search for Excellence Junior Achievement Advisors Convention- Tomorrow’s Leaders, 1981 Junior Achievement Banquet- Jonathan Livingston Seagull was No Ordinary Bird Kinnick Society Dinners- Overview of Accomplishments, 1997-1999 Knox College- A Broader View of Ethics for Athletics, 1989 Lock Haven University

Awards Banquet- Liberty, Quality, Sorority, 1981 20 th Anniversary of Women’s Athletics- Athletic Revolution, 2000

MCI Corporation- Recipe for a Team, 1994 Minneapolis- For Equity: Continuing Struggle for Girls and Women in Sport, 1985 Montana State University- Women’s Intercollegiate Athletics:

Where We’ve Been, Where We Are, Where We Are Going, 1980

Muscatine High School Commencement Address- Jonathan Livingston Seagull, 1989 National Association of Academic Athletics Advisors- The Challenge Facing Intercollegiate Athletics in the 21 st Century, 2000 National Association of Bank Women- Partners in a Societal Revolution National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) Convention- AIAW National Championships, 1981 National Association of Collegiate Women Athletic Administrators (NACWAA)- Title IX and Gender Equity, 1995 National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges- Councils on Student Affairs National Association of Women Business Owners- The Similarities of Operating a Women’s Collegiate Sports Department and Business, 1994 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)

Inaugural Rowing Championship- Timeline, 1997 National Forum- Improvements for the Student Athlete, 1989 Title IX Seminar- Title IX: The 21 st Century, 199

National Girls and Women in Sport Symposium at Slippery Rock University

Gender Equity Notes, 1993 The Legacy of and Options for Women in Sport, 1992

North Liberty Community Development Commission- How A Successful Organization Stays Successful in a Competitive World, 1991 Northern Michigan Athletic Banquet- Revolution: Freedom for Women to Be and to Become, 1982 Ohio Female Athletes Conference- The AIAW Plan for the NCAA, 1980

Box 26

Speeches by Christine Grant

Ohio State- Continuing Struggle for Girls and Women in Sport, c.1991 Olympics, 1984 Omicron Delta Kappa Homecoming Breakfast- Leading from Ahead, 1996 Optimist Club and Lion Club- Women’s Athletics: In the Midst of a Revolution, 1987 Options for Creating Equitable Participation for Women Phi Delta Kappa Presentation- Problems and Challenges Facing Intercollegiate Athletics, 1982 Problems in Women’s Intercollegiate Athletics Professional Ethics in the Global Community Colloquium- A Broader View of Ethics for Athletics, 1988 Professional Women’s Network

Equal Opportunity for Girls and Women in Sport, 1993 Ethics in Sport, 1989 Tying Knots, Building Fires, and Keeping Watch: Feminine Leadership in 2000, 1999

Rhodes University- Bigger Dreams for the Women’s Athletic Program Rotary Club

Contribute to the Future of Iowa Women, 1988 Independence- Put Iowa On the Map, 1986 Iowa City National Issues/Trends in Intercollegiate Athletics, 1994

Snell Symposium

Coaching is God’s Work II, 2000 History of Women in Sport, 2000 The Empowerment of Women through Sport, 2001 Encouraging Women to Enter the Field of Coaching

Tiawan Delepatur [sic] - Women’s Athletics in the U.S. Tipton Chamber of Commerce- Making Iowans Proud, 1985 Tipton High School- Jonathan Livingston Seagull: Value Bravery, 1992 Title IX Presentation Packet- Data and Newspaper Clippings United States Olympic Academy XIII- The Olympics, Amateur or Professional, 1989 University of Bath, England Sports Colloquium

Correspondence, 1995-1996 Equity for Women in Sports, 1996 Newspaper Clippings, 1996

University Club- Increasing Opportunities for Women in Sport, 1986 University of Denver 25 th Anniversary of Women’s Athletics- The Exhilaration of Sport, 2000 University of Iowa

Associated University Women: Building a Community of Women, 1998 Associated University Women:The University of Iowa Women’s Athletic Program, 1991, 1994 Proposed Model to Implement Title IX Equity Requirements Retain the Physical Education Requirement Women’s Coalition Speech- Call for Commitment of Women’s Programs on Campus