| Title | ABOUT | CONTENTS | GLOSSARY |
| C.E. Fowler — INDEX — Coffer-dam Process for Piers |
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AAa river, Russia, 83 Ancient methods of- Anchoring, coffer-dam, 30, 32, 33, 87 Approval, War Dep't, 120 Architectural design, piers, 125, 127, 131 Arch bridge- Center, 141 Hutcheson, Scotland, 6 Largest, 3 Melan, Topeka, 78, 119, 141, 142 Roman, 1 Shuster, Persia, 1 Topeka, Kansas, 78, 119, 141, 142 Trezzo, 1 Asphalt for leaks, 65 BBamboo casings, 4 Bank protection- Japanese, 4 Mississippi, 4 Bascule pump, 92 Batter of piers, 125 Bear river, Canada, 83 Bearing- Power of piles, 49 See also Drift-bolts Borings- Auger, Pierce, 121 Casing for, 121 Clamp for driving tube, 122 Core removal, 122 Cutting shoe for pipe, 122 Drills for, 121 Driving pipe for, 122 Extensive, 121 Hand drills for, 121 Jars for, 121 Maul for driving pipe, 122 Obstructions to, 121 Pebble-tongs, 124 Removal of core, 122 Rope knives, 121 Rope spears, 121 Screw, adjusting, 121 Spears, rope, 121 Temper screw, 121 Test, 121 Tongs, pebble, 124 Tripod for, 121 Well-driller, 121 Bottom- Drift in sand, 18 Gravel, 6, 16, 20, 57, 60, 64, 66, 74, 106, 133 Overlaid. See Rock Quicksand, 67 Rock, 1, 20, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 36, 38, 39, 57, 62, 66, 72, 74, 77, 86, 106 Rock, overlaid, 16, 20, 24, 25, 29, 33, 36, 38, 57, 66, 72, 74, 77, 106 Sand and drift, 18 Sand and shells, 77 Shale, 60 Shells in sand, 77 Silt, 33 Soapstone, 20 Uneven, 17, 32, 33, 36, 62, 76, 106 Box pump, 93 Bras d'Or river, Canada, 82 Braces, 7, 30, 33, 38, 39, 56, 64, 67, 76, 80, 83, 84, 135 Bridge location, 120 Bridge cost, economic, 124, 125 Bridges referred to- Ann Arbor, 59 Arnprior, 18 Baltimore, N. Ave., 118 Blackfriars, London, 4 Boucicault France, 109 Chattanooga, Walnut St., 66, 99, 107 Coteau, 39 Cumberland, Md., 67 Fair Haven, 48 Fort Madison, Ia., 20 Gadsden, Ala., 74 Harvard, Boston, 110 Harlem ship-canal, 36 Harper's Ferry, 63 Hawkesbury, Australia, 80 Melbourne, Australia, 33 Momence, Illinois, 62 Neuilly, France, 92 Omaha, Nebraska, 127 Philadelphia, Walnut St., 24 Phila. & Reading R. R., 74 Putney, England, 77 Red River, 111 Riga-Orel, Russia, 83 Rochester, Court st., 117 Saumur, France, 41 Shuster, Persia, 1 Trajan's, 40 Tulsa, 20 Victoria, Canada, 83 Westminster, London, 4 Bucket-wheel pump, 92 Bucket for concrete, 36, 39, 110 Bull-wheel pile driver, 41 Bulkhead, 30 CCableway- Capacity of, 117 Carriage for, 117 Use of, 117 Caisson- Pneumatic, 5 Water-tight, 74 Calking- Cylinders, 82 Canal- Chicago drainage, 117 Harlem ship, 36 Illinois & Miss., 113 Keokuk, Ia., 30 Candle wick for leaks, 20 Cane stalks for leaks, 28 Canvas sheet, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35 Capacity of- Cableway, 117 Dredge, 101, 102, 103, 135, 148 Pumps, 77, 78, 93, 94, 99, 101, 135, 148 Carriage for, cableway, 117 Casing- Bamboo, 4 Boring, 121 Timber, 5 Cement (see also Concrete)- Laitance of, 109 Quality of, 114, 136, 142, 145 Center for arch, 141 Centrifugal pump, see Pump Chamber, width of, 56 Chamber, see puddle Changes, 139 Channel- Establishing new, 3 Fixed place for, 120 Requirements of Gov't, 120 Charles river, Boston, 63, 110 Circular- Coffer-dam, see Coffer-dam Pier of granite, 86 Shell for pier, see cylinder Clam-shell dredge, 102 Clamp for- Coffer-dam, 38 Pile-driver, 43 Pipe, 122 Sheet piles, 57 Classification of excavation, 135, 145 Clay, see Bottom Clay puddle, see Puddle Clearance in coffer-dam, 74, 147 Clyde river, Scotland, 6 Coffer-dam- Canvas and plank, 30, 32, 33, 35 Crib type, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 26, 32, 33, 36, 38, 39, 72 Damaged, 24, 32, 35, 60, 66, 76 Decking for, 134 Definition of, 13 Deposit in, 134 Earth bank type, 5, 13, 14, 26 Economy in, 26 Erecting steel, 147 Failure of, 16, 24, 28, 30, 32, 60 Floating type, 74 Frame for, 30, 35, 59, 66, 67, 75 Half-tide, 89 Largest recorded, 8 Moving, time required, 76 Pivot pier, 20, 36, 38, 39, 147 Price for, 139 Puddle, pressure on, 54 Puddle for, see Puddle Removal of, 120, 33, 74, 134, 147 Robinson, circular, 24 Sheet pile type, 6, 8, 9, 24, 26, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 134 Specifications for, 6, 134, 141, 146, 147 Tarpaulin and plank, 30, 32, 33, 35 Wakefield piling, 14, 20, 53, 61, 62, 63, 64, 141 Width of chambers, 56 Compartments, water-tight, 76 Completion of work, 139 Composition of concrete, see Concrete Compound sheet piles, 52, 53 , 61, 66 Concrete- Bucket for depositing, 36, 39, 110 Composition of, 107, 110, 111, 116, 138, 143, 145 Cost of, 117 Depositing, rate of, 115 Forms for, 111, 113, 115, 141, 142, 144 Foundation of, 18, 24, 36, 60, 61, 63, 67, 72, 107, 108, 116, 117, 138, 143, 144, 146 Laitance, 109 Laying, rules for, 113, 138, 143, 145 Layers, proper thickness, 109, 113, 138, 143, 144, 145 Louisville cement used, 111 Monolithic construction, 72, 111, 112, 113, 143 Oil paper on forms, 142 Portland cement used, 72, 113, 115, 116, 143 Proportions of, 67, 72, 107, 110, 111, 116, 138, 143, 145 Rate of deposit, 115, 143, 144, 145 Rules for laying, 113, 138, 143, 144, 145 Sacked for placing, 107 Sand for, 111, 115, 136, 143, 145 Setting time, 110, 114, 143, 144, 145 Under water, 36, 39, 107, 108, 109, 110, 142 Water, amount for, 113, 114, 143 Wells in, 114 Coosa river, Ala., 74, 110, 117 Core removal, test, 122 Corporation, applicant for bridge, 120 Cost of- Bridge, least, 124 Concrete, 117 Dredgers, 103 Driving piles, 48 Formula for, spans, 124 bridge, 124 piers, 125 Piers, 125 Removing pier, 74 Spans, 124 Crevices in rock, see Rock Crib coffer-dam, see Coffer-dam Current, strength of, 120 Cutting shoe, 122 Cutwaters, 10, 18, 26, 66, 129, 130, 131 Cylinder- Calking for, 82 Guide for, 81 Piles for, 83 DDamaged- Coffer-dam, 24, 32, 35, 60, 66, 76 Piles, 10 Decking for coffer-dam, 134 Defects in- Piles, 10 Stone, 137 Deposit in coffer-dam, 134 Depositing concrete under water, see Concrete Derrick, see Pile-driver Design of piers, see Piers Direct connected pump, 97 Disposal of excavation, 26, 60, 71 Diver employed, 31, 36, 76, 87 Docks, Victoria, B. C., 77 Dowels for stone, 137 Drawings to show- Bridge location, 120 Bridge plan, 120 Dredger- Capacity of, 101, 102, 103, 135, 148 Clam-shell, 102 Derrick for, 102 Dipper, 103 Edward's Cataract pump, 101 Elevator type, 102 Furnished, 134 Grapple, 102 Lancaster, 102 Osgood, 103 Sand-digger, 102 Scraper, 13 Seagoing, 101 Spoon, 13 Amount necessary, 16 Rock, 72 Soft bottom, 106 Wells for, 80 Drift in sand, 18 Drift bolts, 33, 36, 38, 39, 57, 60, 71 Drilling, test, see Boring Driver, see Pile-driver EEarth bank coffer-dam, see Coffer-dam Economic- Coffer-dam construction, 26 Efficiency of pumps, 96, 148, 149 Electricity— Blasting by, 73 Pumping by, 97 Engine, see Hoist Erection, steel coffer-dam, 147 European pier design, 127 Examination for bridge site, 120 Excavation (see Dredging) - 7, 10, 60, 61 Measurement, 139 Scraper for, 13 Spoon for, 14 Experiments- Puddle, 12 Timber, wet, 33 Exterior puddle, see Puddle FFacing for concrete, 72, 111, 114, 143 Failure of- Coffer-dam, see Coffer-dam Contractor to prosecute work, 139 Puddle, 28 Filling, see Puddle Floating coffer-dam, 74 Form of- Forms for concrete, 111, 113, 115, 141, 142, 144 Formula for- Cost of hoists, 45 Cylinder thickness, 84 Economic span, 124 Pile loads, 49 Struts, 56 Fort Monroe, Va., 64 Forth Bridge piers, 86 Foundations- Care, increased, 1 Changes in, 136 Character of, 106, 117, 124, 146 Concrete, see Concrete Crib, early type, 5 Encaissement, 3 Grillage, 20, 24, 60, 67, 71, 72, 106 Origin, sub-aqueous, 3 Piles and concrete, 3, 106, 110 Piles under cylinders, 83 Pneumatic caisson, 5 Risk of, 125 Rock bottom, see Bottom Roman, 1 Steel shells, 33, 80, 82, 83, 87 Tropical, 1 Frame for coffer-dam see Coffer-dam Friction lever, 44 Frost on mortar, 136 GGate valve for priming, 101 Government- Approval, 120 Requirements, 120 Grades, 135 Gravel bed, see Bottom Gravel in puddle, 12, 15, 26, 76, see Puddle Grillage (see also Foundation)- Removal, 74 Guide- Cylinder pier, 81 Pile-driver, 43 Pipe for drilling, 121 Gunny sacks, 26, 28, 33, 36, 64, 76 HHalf-tide coffer-dam, 89 Hammer, see Pile-driver Hand- Pump, 93 Harlem ship-canal bridge, 36 Hoist- Hoist engine for- Pile-driver, 44, 45, 68, 78, 149, 150 Scraper, 13 Huron river, Mich., 59 Hutcheson bridge, 6 IIce protection, 9, 10, 26, 129, 130, 131 Illinois & Miss. canal, 113 Illinois river, 62 Inspection, 139 Iron sheet piles, 91 JJet for pile-driver, 70 KKanawah river, W. Va., 14, 117 Kankakee river, 62 Karun river, Persia, 1 Key piles, 57 Knives for drill-rope, 121 LLaitance of cement, 109 Lansdell siphon, 93 Largest- Arch, 3 Coffer-dam, 8 Layers of concrete, 109, 113, 138, 143, 144, 145 Laying concrete, rules for, 113, 138, 143, 145 Leaks cured by- Asphalt, 65 Cane-stalks crushed, 28 Canvas funnel, 32 Clay cylinders, 29 Clay dams, 89 Concrete in sacks, 66 Gravel and clay, 26 Grouting, 89 Hot asphalt, 65 Puddling rock seams, 25 Repuddling, 28 Tarpaulin, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 65 Washers on rods, 30 Ledges, see Rock Length, economic span, 124, 125 Leveling course concrete, 107, 117 Lift of pumps, 96, 100, 148, 149 Little Bras d'Or river, Canada, 82 Location of- Bridge, 120 Piers, 120 Pumps, 100 MMap of bridge location, 120 Maslin pump, 96 Masonry- Ashlar, 136 Laying, 137 Marking stones, 74 Measurement, 139 Specifications for, 136, 137, 138 Mattresses, 4 Maul for driving pipe, 122 Maul as pile-driver, 40 Measurement of work, 139 Melan Arch, Topeka, 78 Metal coffer-dam, 35, 83, 86, 147 Missouri river, 127 Monolithic concrete, 72, 111, 112, 113, 143 Morison's pier design, 125 Movable coffer-dam, see Coffer-dam Mud, see Bottom NNasmyth hammer, 14, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 Natural cement, 111, 136, 143, 145 Navigable rivers, see River Navigation, needs of, 120 Interference with, 135 Nippers, pile-driver, 43 OObstruction- To boring, 121 By piers, 125 Oil paper for concreting, 142 Origin of- Foundations, 3 PParnitz river, Germany, 72 Payment, manner of, 134 Pierce boring auger, 121 Piers- Architectural design, 125, 127, 131 Batter of, 125 Bracing for cylinders, 83 Cost of, for economy, 125 Design of, 125, 127, 129, 130, 131 Economic spacing, 120 European design, 127 Experiments on form, 129, 130, 131 Filling of concrete, 80, 82, 143 Forth bridge, 86 Hutcheson, 6 Morison's design, 125 Obstruction of, 125, 129, 130, 131 Pivot, 82 Starlings of, 125, 129, 130, 131 Thickness of tubular, 84 Pile-driver- Beetle for, 40 Bull-wheel for, 41 Clamps, 43 Cram-Nasmyth, 49 Friction lever, 44 Guides, 43 Hammer, 41, 43, 44, 68, 77, 78 Hoist engine for, 44, 45, 68, 78, 149, 150 Lidgerwood, 43 Maul, 40 Nasmyth, 14, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 Nippers, 43 Rock drill used, 14 Sledge, 40 Tongs, 43 Water jet, 70 Windlass, 40 Piles- Blasting out, 73 Cost driving, 48 Clamps, 43 Damaged, 10 Guiding, 43 Key, 57 Pointing, see Pointing Protection, 134 Pulling lever, 50 Pulling scow, 50 Rings for, 70 Sheet piles, ancient, 4 See also sheet piles Specifications for, 135, 141, 146 Splitting of, 43 Temporary, 135 Under cylinders, 83 Pivot pier- Cylinders for, 82 Coffer-dam for, 20, 36, 38, 39, 147 Pointing piles, 24, 50, 51, 53, 57, 60 Pointing with mortar, 136 Portland cement, 72, 113, 115, 116, 142 Potomac river, 63 Primers for pumps, 100, 101, 148 Pressure of- Puddle, 54 Water, see Water Proportions for concrete, 67, 72, 107, 110, 111, 116, 138, 143, 145 Protection of- Bank, 4 From ice, see Ice Puddle- Blue clay, 72 Chamber, 7, 10, 33, 36, 38, 56, 66, 72, 74, 77 Clay and gravel, 12, 15, 26, 76, 134 Experiments, 12 Exterior, 17, 20, 25, 26, 28, 33, 63, 66, 71, 76, 77 Failure of, 28 Pressure of, 54 Pulling test tubing, 124 Pulsometer, 30, 32, 90, 94, 95 Pumping, 15, 17, 18, 25, 30, 32, 39, 61, 63, 64, 66, 72, 76, 89 Amount of, 92 Electricity for, 97 Pumps- Bascule, 92 Box, 93 Bucket-wheel, 92 Capacity, 77, 78, 93, 94, 99, 101, 135, 148 Centrifugal, 15, 17, 18, 30, 39, 61, 63, 66, 77, 78, 90, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 148, 149 Chattanooga plant, 99 Direct connected, 97 Double suction, 100 Edward's cataract, 101 Efficiency of, 96 Electric, 97 Forth bridge, 99 Furnished, 134 Gate valve primer, 101 German high test, 97 Hand, 93 Location, best, 100 Maslin, 96 Piston of dredging, 101 Pulsometer, 30, 32, 90, 94, 95 Reciprocating, 96 Siphon, 93 Speed for, 149 Strainers for, 98 Suction details, 98 Weight of, 148 Wooden, 93 QQuality of- RRed river, U. S., 111 Rejection of material, 137, 139 Removal of- Coffer-dam, 20, 33, 74, 134, 147 Grillage, 74 Test core, 122 Republican river, Kan., 20 Requirements, War Dep't, 120 Rhine river, 5 Rings for piles, 70 Rivers, navigable, 120 River- Aa, Russia, 83 Bear, Can., 83 Clyde, Scotland, 6 Huron, Mich., 59 Illinois, 62 Kankakee, Ill., 62 Karun, Persia, 1 Little Bras d'Or, 82 Missouri, 127 Ohio, 15 Parnitz, Germany, 72 Potomac, 63 Red, 111 Republican, Kan., 20 Rhine, 5 Sault Ste. Marie, 28 Schuylkill, Pa., 74 Scioto, Ohio, 13 Soane, France, 109 St. Lawrence, 18 Tennessee, 66 Riveting- Roads, construction, 3 Robinson, coffer-dam, 24 Rock- Bottom, see Bottom Crevices, 25, 28, 39, 66, 89, 107 Joint with sheet piles, 72 Ledges, 86 Rock-drill pile-driver, 14 Roman foundations, 1 Rules laying concrete, 113, 138, 143, 144, 145 SSacked puddle, see Puddle Sacks used, 26, 28, 33, 36, 64, 66, 76 Sand (see also Bottom)- For concrete, 111, 115, 136, 143, 145 Digger, 102 Drift in, 18 Shells in, 77 Sault Ste. Marie river, 28 Schuylkill river, 74 Scioto river, Ohio, 13 Scow, pile pulling, 50 Scow, see Pile-driver Scraper, 13 Sec'y of War, approval, 120 Setting time, concrete, 110, 114, 143, 144, 145 Shale, 60 Sheet pile coffer-dam, see Coffer-dam Sheet piles- Clamps for, 57 Close, 135 Guides, 57 Metal, 91 Old, 72 Plank, 35, 50, 59, 60, 66, 67, 77, 134 Rock joint with, 72 Tongue and groove, 20, 24, 51, 60, 71, 76, 77, 78 Wakefield, 14, 20, 53, 61, 62, 63, 64, 141 Shells in bottom, 77 Shoe for- Pipe, 122 Shoring, see Bracing Silt bottom, 33 Siphon, 93 Site of bridge, 120 Site, examination of, 120, 124 Sledge for pile-driver, 40 Soane river, France, 109 Soapstone bottom, 20 Sounding rod, 86 Spans- Economic formula, 125 Length of, 124 Spacing of piers, 120, 124, 125 Spears for drill rope, 121 Specification for- Coffer-dam, see Coffer-dam Cement, see Cement Steel coffer-dam, 147 Speed for pumps, 149 Springs in bottom, 32 Spuds, 75 Staging to locate pier, 86 Starlings, 10, 18, 26, 66, 125, 129, 130, 131 St. Lawrence river, 18 Stone- Defects in, 137 Dressing, 137 Quality of, 136 Rubble, 137 Samples, 137 Substitute for, 80 Strainer for pump, 98 Struts, see Timber Suspension bridge tower, 8 Swab, 121 Swift water, see Water TTables of- Pumps, centrifugal, 148 Pumps, dredging, 148 Pump speed, 149 Tarpaulin used, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 65 Tennessee river, 66 Test borings, see Borings Tests of- Thickness of- Cylinders, 84 Tide coffer-dam, 8, 53, 63, 86, 89 Tide, see Water Timber- Casing, 5 Framing, 135 Piles see Piles see sheet piles Scarcity of, 79 Struts, 7, 30, 33, 38, 39, 56, 64 Water-soaked, 33 Tongs- Pebble, 124 Pile-driver, 43 Tongue and groove, see Sheet piles Tools furnished, 134 Topeka coffer dam, 78 Trezzo arch, 1 Tripod for test boring, 121 Tube for- Drilling, 121 VVan Duzen jet, 93 Victoria, B. C., docks, 77 Voids in masonry, 136 WWakefield sheet piles, see Sheet piles Wales- Calculation of, 56 War Dep't requirements, 120 Washers for leaks, 30 Water- Jet, 70 Low, 120 Pressure, 20, 25, 28, 32, 35, 54, 85, 89 Soaked timber, 33 Water-tight compartments, 76 Water-tight riveting, 80, 82, 147 Weight of- Pumps, 148 Well driller, 121 Wells in concrete, 114 Wellington pile formula, 49 Western, U. S., rivers, 17, 18, 20 Windlass pile-driver, 40 Wooden pump, 93 |