(D) EXCAVATION.

First. Watch carefully all excavation so as to make sure that it is done in strict accordance with the specifications and with the City Ordinances, if there be any. See that, in doing the excavation and in building the structure, the Contractor does not obstruct public traffic.

Second. In foundation-work in cities, see that all pipes and sewers are moved properly and coupled or spliced effectively after being uncoupled or cut.

Third. Whenever there is any doubt about the proper resistance of any foundation, test it by loading it by means of a properly designed and built apparatus. Always ram thoroughly any foundation where the resistance to load would be increased by such ramming. See that the material from the sides of the pits is prevented from falling in.

Fourth. See that all surplus material is removed expeditiously from City streets, and that, whenever any piece of construction is completed, all falsework, rubbish, etc., are removed from the site and are deposited in an unobjectionable place.

(E) FOUNDATIONS.

First. See that the bed-rock is always properly prepared to receive the caisson or masonry, as the case may be, letting the caisson into the rock so as to provide an even bearing around the cutting edge, and levelling or stepping off or filling up with concrete to receive the latter.

Second. In elevated-railroad work, see that wherever columns are located in the street their feet are properly encased in concrete, and that cast-iron fenders are correctly set around the columns and filled with concrete and grouting, then sealed effectively against the ingress of water. See also that, after the columns are up and encased, the pavement is relaid in a substantial manner, to the satisfaction of the City authorities.

Third. When large steel cylinders are used, see that they